For more information, see Oracle Database Installation Guide for your platform. You choose which language the software should use after it is installed.
You can select multiple languages. The default value is English. If you choose a value other than English, it does not change the language used by the installation. You select a template to use when configuring the database. Database Configuration Options. You can choose how to configure the database created by the installer.
You can select the memory size and management options, the character sets used to store data, the security options for database access, and whether the sample schemas should be installed.
To complete the exercises in this guide and related course material, you must install the sample schemas. This data is also used in most examples throughout Oracle Database documentation.
Oracle recommends that you install the sample schemas. This choice is a configuration option only during advanced installation. Sample schemas are installed by default during typical or Desktop class installations. During an advanced installation, you can configure backup and recovery optins for the database. If you choose this option, you must specify whether the recovery area should be stored on the local file system or in an Oracle ASM disk group. When you create a database, certain administrative user accounts are created automatically.
You can use the same password for each account, or specify passwords for each account individually. If you do not enter a secure password, you will receive a warning message during installation. Operating System Groups. Administrative access to the database is granted by membership in certain operating system groups. The following steps describe the OUI workflow for a host computer that has no previous Oracle software installed. If your host computer has Oracle software installed, then you may see a different workflow.
To perform a basic installation:. Refer to your operating system-specific documentation or contact your system administrator to determine whether you have the necessary privileges and permissions to install new software. If you are installing from distribution media, then insert the distribution media for the database into your computer.
If you downloaded the installation software from the Oracle Web site, then follow the instructions on the site to run the Oracle Universal Installer. Or, see the Oracle Database Installation Guide for your platform. You can choose the Server Class option to customize your installation. For example, you use this method to configure Oracle Automatic Storage Management for your database, install the Sample Schemas, or configure backup and recovery options.
The steps for a Desktop Class installation are similar to the steps for a Server Class installation, but fewer choices are required to install the database. This option is recommended for database installation to ensure that Oracle services run with limited privileges. For single instance databases, you can also choose to allow the Oracle Installer to create a new Windows User Account local user only which will then be used as the Oracle Home User.
Oracle base— The Oracle base directory helps to facilitate the organization of multiple Oracle software installations. You can click Browse to find the directory you want to act as the Oracle base directory. Software location—The software location is the Oracle home for your database. You must specify a new Oracle home directory for each new installation of Oracle Database software.
By default, the Oracle home directory is a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory. You can click Browse to find the directory where you want to install the Oracle Database software.
Database file location—The database file location is the location where Oracle Database files are stored. You can click Browse to select a different location. See " Installation Edition for Oracle Database ". Host computer users in this group have administrative privileges on the database. This group is typically named dba. Global database name—Enter the fully qualified global database name.
See " Database Identifiers for Oracle Database " for more information about global database names. If the password you choose is not a secure password, a warning message will be displayed. Create as Container database : Enable this option to create the database as a multitenant container database CDB that can support zero, one, or many user-created pluggable databases PDBs. For first time installations on Linux and UNIX operating systems only , if Oracle software has not previously been installed on this server, then the Create Inventory window appears.
If this is not the first installation attempt on this server, then the Perform Prerequisite Checks window appears. If this is the first time you are installing any Oracle software on this computer, then the Create Inventory Directory window appears. You must specify a local directory for the inventory, which OUI uses to keep track of all Oracle software installed on the computer. This information is used while applying patches or upgrading an existing installation, and while deinstalling Oracle software.
Note that this directory is different from the Oracle home directory. In this window you can also specify the operating system group that has write permissions on the inventory directory. This prevents other users from writing over the Oracle product installation files. After you enter a directory path and specify an operating system group, click Next to continue. OUI performs several environment checks and indicates whether the check was a success, or resulted in a warning or failure.
Details of the checks are provided in the displayed window. The installation can proceed only when all checks have a status of either Succeeded or Warning. If any of the environment checks failed, then they must be resolved manually.
If all the prerequisite checks passed, or after you click Next , the Summary window appears. For more information on setting environment variables, see " Configuring the Operating System Environment Variables.
With Oracle Database, you typically have a single database that hosts multiple applications. You do not need multiple databases to run different applications. Instead, you can separate the objects that support each different application into different schemas in the same database.
However, there may be situations in which you want to create multiple Oracle databases on the same host computer. When you do this with DBCA, the new databases typically use the same Oracle home directory as the first database, but store database data files separately from those of the first database. DBCA also enables you to modify a database configuration, delete a database, and more.
You can perform the following DBCA tasks:. Starting DBCA. Online Help is available by clicking Help. It provides information that guides you in selecting configuration options. Starting with Oracle Database 19c Release Update To start DBCA:. To create a database using DBCA:. Most of these windows provide default settings. Depending on the options you choose in DBCA, some of these windows may not be displayed. If you choose Advanced configuration , you can customize storage locations, management options, database options, and different passwords for Administrator user accounts.
If you choose Typical configuration , you make fewer choices in the options for your database, which allows you to create your database sooner. When you select Typical configuration , you can select the following options:. When you choose File System , your database files are managed by the file system of your operating system.
Database files location : The choice you make for the Storage type option determines what you specify for the Database files location option. When you choose File System in the Storage type field, you specify the directory path where the database files are to be stored in the Database files location field. When you choose Automatic Storage Management in the Storage type field, you specify the disk group to use in the Database files location field the disk group must already exist.
Database character set : Choose the character set to use for the database. See " Character Sets " for more information about character sets.
User "Oracle Home User" Password on Microsoft Windows operating systems only : If during the installation you specified a non-administrator, low privileged Windows User Account as Oracle Home User to run the database services under, you are prompted for the password of that user account.
You can use DBCA to create a database from templates supplied by Oracle or from templates that you create. The templates contain settings optimized for a particular type of workload. Select the template suited to the type of workload your database will support. If you are not sure which to choose, then select the default General Purpose or Transaction Processing template. For more complex environments, you can select the Custom Database option.
This option does not use templates and results in a more extensive interview, which means that it takes longer to create your database. In the SID field, enter the system identifier. The SID defaults to the database name and uniquely identifies the instance that runs the database.
If you enable the Create as Container database option, the database is created as a multitenant container database CDB that can support zero, one, or many user-created pluggable databases PDBs. Use template file for database storage attributes —This option instructs DBCA to use the directory information as specified in the template.
Use following for the database storage attributes —This option requires you to specify where the database files will be stored. If you choose File System , your database files are managed by the file system of your operating system. You specify the default location, called a database area, for all your files. Oracle Database thereafter automatically creates and deletes files in this location, as required. When you select this option, you delegate the complete management of database files to the database.
You no longer have to specify the file names, their location, or their sizes. When you create a new database, it is important to configure the database so you can recover your data if a system failure occurs. Online redo log files contain a record of changes that were made to data files.
Online redo log files are stored in online redo log groups. You must have at least two online redo log groups for your database.
After the online redo log files in a group have filled up, the log writer process LGWR switches the writing of redo records to a new online redo log group. Oracle Database can automatically save the inactive group of online redo log files to one or more offline destinations, known collectively as the archived redo log also called the archive log. The process of turning online redo log files into archived redo log files is called archiving.
A group of online redo log files cannot be reused by the log writer LGWR process until the group is archived. Only the most recent changes made to the database, which are stored in the online redo log files, are available for instance recovery.
A database backup, with online and archived redo log files, guarantees that you can recover all committed transactions if the operating system or hardware fails. You can recover the database using a backup that was taken while the database was open and being used, if you have a copy of the archived log files that were written while the database was being backed up.
You can perform online tablespace backups, and use these backups to restore a tablespace following media failure. You can keep a standby database current with its original database by continuously applying the original archived redo log files to the standby database. Before you can archive the online redo log files, you must determine the destination to which you want to archive. Oracle recommends that the archive log be stored in a fast recovery area because it can simplify backup and recovery operations for your database.
A fast recovery area is a location in which Oracle Database can store and manage files related to backup and recovery. It is distinct from the database area, which is a location for the current database files data files, control files, and online redo log files. Specify Fast Recovery Area —Select this option to specify a backup and recovery area and its directory location and size.
Oracle Database Admin 12c Install. Company Licence. Segment Metadata Move Space. Start Db Oracle Database.
Enforce the global naming on a database? For example: orcl. The Unicode standard is the universal character set that supports most of the currently spoken languages of the world. The use of the Unicode standard is indispensable for any multilingual technology, including database processing.
After a database is created and accumulates production data, changing the database character set is a time consuming and complex project. Therefore, it is very important to select the right character set at installation time.
Even if the database does not currently store multilingual data but is expected to store multilingual data within a few years, the choice of AL32UTF8 for the database character set is usually the only good decision. The particular character set is selected based on the current language locale of the operating system session that started OUI or DBCA.
A Microsoft Windows character set is the default even for databases created on UNIX and Linux platforms because Microsoft Windows is the prevalent platform for client workstations. Oracle Client libraries automatically perform the necessary character set conversion between the database character set and the character sets used by non-Windows client applications.
You may also choose to use any other character set from the presented list of character sets. You can use this option to select a particular character set required by an application vendor, or choose a particular character set that is the common character set used by all clients connecting to this database.
Storage space requirements for text in most languages that use characters outside of the ASCII repertoire are higher in AL32UTF8 compared to legacy character sets supporting the language. Note that the increase in storage space concerns only character data and only data that is not in English. The universality and flexibility of Unicode usually outweighs these additional costs. Database Character Set— In this section, select one of the following options:.
Use the Default— Select this option to select only the language currently used by the operating system for all your database users and database applications. Choose from the list of character sets— Select this option if you want Oracle Database to use a character set other than the default character set used by the operating system.
National Character Set— In this list, select a character set or accept the default. These data types allow storing of Unicode characters in a database that does not have a Unicode database character set.
Unless installation requirements of any of your applications specify otherwise, accept the default value of AL16UTF16 as the national character set.
Default Language —In this list, select a default database language or accept the default. The default language determines how the database supports locale-sensitive information such as day and month abbreviations, default sorting sequence for character data, and reading direction left to right or right to left.
Default Territory— In this list, select the name of the territory whose conventions are to be followed for day and week numbering or accept the default. The default territory also establishes the default date format, the default decimal character and group separator, and the default International Standardization Organization ISO and local currency symbols. Us e this window to select the database mode. You can run the database in either of the following modes:.
Dedicated Server Mode —This mode allows a dedicated server process for each user process. Select this option when the number of total clients is expected to be small, for example, 50 or fewer.
You might also choose this option when database clients typically make persistent, long-running requests to the database. By default, the database is configured for dedicated server processes. Shared Server Mode— This mode allows several client connections to share a database-allocated pool of resources. Use this mode in configurations in which client load is expected to cause a strain on memory and other system resources. If you choose shared server mode, then you must indicate the number of server processes you want to create when a database instance is started.
For more information about setting this parameter, click Help. In this window, a navigation tree displays the storage structure of your database control files, data files, online redo log groups, and so forth. If you are not satisfied with the storage structure or parameters, then you can make changes. Note that if you selected a preconfigured template for a database, then you cannot add or remove control files, data files, or undo segments.
Save as a Database Template —Select this option to save the database definition as a template to use at a later time. After you make your choice, click Finish. A confirmation window appears after a short period. You can also use DBCA to delete a database. When DBCA deletes a database, it shuts down the database instance and then deletes all database files. On the Windows platform, it also deletes associated Windows services.
In the Operations window, select Delete a Database and click Next. Templates are used in DBCA to create new databases and duplicate existing databases. The information in templates includes database options, initialization parameters, and storage attributes for data files, tablespaces, control files, and online redo log files.
Templates can be used just like scripts, but they are more powerful than scripts because you have the option of duplicating a database. Duplication saves time because you copy the files of an existing database, referred to as a seed database , to the correct locations. Easy duplication. By creating a template containing your database settings, you can easily create a duplicate database without specifying parameters twice.
This type of template contains both the structure and the physical data files of an existing database, referred to as the seed database. Your new database starts as a copy of the seed database, and requires only the following changes:.
The data files for the seed database are stored in compressed RMAN backup format in a file with a. The seed database control file is stored in a file with.
This type of template is used to create a new database. It contains the characteristics of the database to be created. Nonseed templates are more flexible than their seed counterparts because all data files and online redo log files are created to your specification, and names, sizes, and other attributes can be changed as required.
Users perform numerous, complex queries that process large volumes of data. Response time, accuracy, and availability are key issues. These queries SELECT statements range from a fetch of a few records to queries that sort thousands of records from many different tables.
Many concurrent users perform numerous transactions that require rapid access to data. Availability, speed, concurrency, and recoverability are key issues.
This template allows you maximum flexibility in defining a database because you can change any of the settings for the database being created. In the Operations window, select Manage Templates and click Next.
In the Template Management window, select Create a database template and one of the following options, and click Next. Using an existing template, you can create a new template based on the predefined template settings. You can add or change any template settings such as initialization parameters, storage parameters, or whether to use custom scripts.
You can create a new template that contains structural information from an existing database, including database options, tablespaces, data files, and initialization parameters. User-defined schemas and their data will not be part of the created template. The source database can be either local or remote.
Select this option when you want the new database to be structurally similar to the source database, but not contain the same data. You can create a new template that has both the structural information and physical data files of an existing database. Databases created using such a template are identical to the source database.
User-defined schemas and their data will be part of the created template. The source database must be local. Select this option when you want a template from which you can create an exact replica of the source database. When creating templates from existing databases, you can translate file paths into Optimal Flexible Architecture OFA or maintain existing file paths.
OFA is a set of file naming and placement guidelines for Oracle software and databases. Using OFA is recommended if the target computer on which you plan to create a database using the template has a different directory structure than computer on which the template was defined. Standard file paths can be used if the target computer has a directory structure that is similar to the directory structure on the source computer.
When you delete a template, it is no longer available to create a new database or a new template. In the Template Management window, select Delete a database template and click Next. This OBE steps you through the tasks in this chapter and includes annotated screenshots. Before you start the installation process, see the following sections for information about prerequisites and installation choices: Checking Prerequisites Deciding on Installation Choices If you do not create a database during installation, then you must run DBCA at some point after installation to create a database.
Note: After you create a database, either during installation or as a standalone operation, you do not have to create another.
Each Oracle instance works with a single database only. Rather than requiring that you create multiple databases to accommodate different applications, Oracle Database uses a single database, and accommodates multiple applications by enabling you to separate data into different schemas within the single database.
See "About User Accounts" for more information about schemas. Checking Prerequisites Before installing the software, OUI performs several automated checks to ensure that your computer fulfills the basic hardware and software requirements for an Oracle Database installation. The requirements may vary depending upon the type of computer and operating system you are using, but some prerequisites include: There is a minimum of 1 GB of physical memory.
Sufficient paging space is available. The appropriate service packs or patches for your operating system are installed. An appropriate file system format is being used. See Also: Oracle Database Installation Guide for your platform for more information about exact requirements.
Deciding on Installation Choices Oracle Universal Installer guides you through an interview phase where you specify your choices for installation and database creation. Note: If you must create a new database, then Oracle recommends that you install a preconfigured database, which is faster and easier. You can customize the database after it has been created. Installation Method The installation methods are divided into Desktop Class and Server Class: Desktop Class —This installation class is most appropriate for laptop or desktop computers.
Installation Type When you install Oracle Database during basic and advanced installations, you need answers for the questions listed in this section. Your choices are: Enterprise Edition —This installation type is the full-featured Oracle Database product that provides data management for enterprise-level applications. What are your database configuration options? Software Installation Directories You must specify the directory in which the Oracle Database software is installed, or the location where the product binary files are copied from the installation media.
Database File Location A database includes several files that store the user data, database metadata, and information required to recover from failures.
You can select from the following options: File System —This default option creates database files that are managed by the file system of your operating system.
If you are not certain about which option to use, then select File System the default. With Oracle Database 11 g release 2 About Advanced Installation During advanced installations using the Server Class method you are prompted to make the additional choices listed in this section, and the choices for a typical installation.
Product Languages You choose which language the software should use after it is installed. Database Configuration Type You select a template to use when configuring the database. Database Configuration Options You can choose how to configure the database created by the installer. Database Management Options You specify whether to manage your database centrally or locally using Oracle Enterprise Manager.
Recovery Options You specify whether automated backups should be configured for the database. Note: To use Oracle ASM for recovery area storage, you must have installed Oracle ASM as part of an Oracle grid infrastructure installation and created one or more disk groups before performing the Oracle Database installation.
Installing Oracle Database Software This section briefly describes the steps for a desktop-class installation. Note: The following steps describe the Oracle Universal Installer workflow for a host computer that has no previous Oracle software installed. If your host computer has Oracle software installed, then you may see a different workflow.
Note: With Oracle Database, you typically have a single database that hosts multiple applications. You do not need multiple databases to run different applications. Instead, you separate the objects that support each different application into different schemas in the same database. However, there may be situations in which you want to create multiple Oracle databases on the same host computer. When you do this with DBCA, the new databases typically use the same Oracle home directory as the first database, but store database data files separately from those of the first database.
Most windows provide default settings. Step 2 - Database Templates This window enables you to select the type of database to create. Oracle ships templates for the following two workload types: General purpose or transaction processing Data warehouse Click Show Details to see the configuration for each type of database. Step 4 - Management Options Use this window to set up your database so it can be managed with Oracle Enterprise Manager. Then, select one option: If the Oracle Management Agent is installed on your host computer, then you can choose central management by selecting Register with Grid Control for centralized management and then selecting the Management Service.
Step 6 - Database File Locations In this window, specify the type of storage you would like your database to use. Then specify the locations for the Oracle database files. Step 7 - Recovery Configuration When you create a new database, it is important to configure the database so you can recover your data if a system failure occurs.
The archiving of online redo log files has the following advantages: A database backup, with online and archived redo log files, guarantees that you can recover all committed transactions if the operating system or hardware fails. When creating your database, you can select the following options: Specify Fast Recovery Area —Select this option to specify a backup and recovery area and its directory location and size.
Step 9 - Initialization Parameters The links in this window provide access to additional windows that enable you to change the default initialization parameter settings. These parameters fall into the following categories: Memory Sizing Character Sets Connection Mode You can also click the All Initialization Parameters button at the bottom of the window to display a list of all the database initialization parameters and their current settings.
Memory Use this window to set the initialization parameters that control how the database manages its memory. You can choose from the following methods for memory management: Typical —This method requires little configuration, and allocates memory as a percentage of total overall physical system memory.
See Also: Chapter 5, "Managing the Oracle Instance" for more information about memory management options. Sizing In th is tab, you specify the smallest block size and the maximum number of operating system user processes that can simultaneously connect to the database. Character Sets U se this tab to define the character sets used by your database.
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